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Magnetorotational Collapse of Supermassive Stars: Black Hole Formation, Gravitational Waves and Jets

机译:超大质量星的磁旋转崩裂:黑洞形成,   引力波和喷流

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摘要

We perform MHD simulations in full GR of uniformly rotating stars that aremarginally unstable to collapse. Our simulations model the direct collapse ofsupermassive stars (SMSs) to seed black holes (BHs) that can grow to become thesupermassive BHs at the centers of quasars and AGNs. They also crudely modelthe collapse of massive Pop III stars to BHs, which could power a fraction ofdistant, long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs). The initial stellar models we adopt are$\Gamma = 4/3$ polytropes seeded with a dynamically unimportant dipole magneticfield (B field). We treat initial B-field configurations either confined to thestellar interior or extending out from the interior into the stellar exterior.The BH formed following collapse has mass $M_{BH} \simeq 0.9M$ (where $M$ isthe mass of the initial star) and spin $a_{BH}/M_{BH}\simeq 0.7$. A massive,hot, magnetized torus surrounds the remnant BH. At $\Delta t\sim400-550M\approx 2000-2700(M/10^6M_\odot)$s following the gravitational wave(GW) peak amplitude, an incipient jet is launched. The disk lifetime is $\Deltat\sim 10^5(M/10^6M_\odot)$s, and the jet luminosity is $L_{EM}\sim 10^{51-52}$ergs/s. If $\gtrsim 1-10\%$ of this power is converted into gamma rays, SWIFTand FERMI could potentially detect these events out to large redshifts $z\sim20$. Thus, SMSs could be sources of ultra-long GRBs and massive Pop III starscould be the progenitors that power a fraction of the long GRBs observed atredshift $z \sim 5-8$. GWs are copiously emitted during the collapse, and peakat $\sim 15(10^6 M_{\odot}/M)\rm mHz$ ($\sim 0.15(10^4 M_{\odot}/M)\rm Hz$),i.e., in the LISA (DECIGO/BBO) band; optimally oriented SMSs could bedetectable by LISA (DECIGO/BBO) at $z \lesssim 3$ ($z \lesssim 11$). Hence$10^4 M_{\odot}$ SMSs collapsing at $z\sim 10$ are promising multimessengersources of coincident gravitational and electromagnetic waves.
机译:我们在均匀旋转的恒星的完整GR中执行MHD模拟,这些恒星的旋转不稳定,几乎不会塌陷。我们的模拟模型将超大质量恒星(SMS)直接坍塌为种子黑洞(BH),该黑洞可以成长为类星体和AGN中心的超大质量BH。他们还粗略地模拟了Pop III大质量恒星坍塌为BH,这可能为一小部分遥远的长伽马射线爆发(GRB)提供动力。我们采用的初始恒星模型是用动态不重要的偶极子磁场(B场)播种的\\γ= 4/3 $多向性。我们将初始B场配置限制在星际内部或从内部延伸到恒星外部。坍塌后形成的BH的质量为$ M_ {BH} \ simeq 0.9M $(其中$ M $为初始质量星号),然后旋转$ a_ {BH} / M_ {BH} \ simeq 0.7 $。大量的,热的,磁化的圆环环绕着剩余的BH。在引力波(GW)峰值振幅之后,在Δt\ sim400-550M \大约2000-2700(M / 10 ^ 6M_ \ odot)s处发射了初始射流。磁盘生存期为$ \ Deltat \ sim 10 ^ 5(M / 10 ^ 6M_ \ odot)$ s,喷射光度为$ L_ {EM} \ sim 10 ^ {51-52} $ ergs / s。如果将此功率的\ gtrsim 1-10 \%$转换为伽马射线,则SWIFT和FERMI可能会将这些事件检测到大的红移$ z \ sim20 $。因此,SMS可能是超长GRB的来源,而庞大的Pop III恒星可能是为那些在redredshift $ z \ sim 5-8 $观测到的长GRB的一部分提供动力的祖先。 GW在倒塌期间大量发射,并且峰值为$ \ sim 15(10 ^ 6 M _ {\ odot} / M)\ rm mHz $($ \ sim 0.15(10 ^ 4 M _ {\ odot} / M)\ rm Hz $),即LISA(DECIGO / BBO)频段; LISA(DECIGO / BBO)可以在$ z \ lesssim 3 $($ z \ lesssim 11 $)处检测到最佳定向SMS。因此,以$ z \ sim 10 $崩溃的$ 10 ^ 4 M _ {\ odot} $ SMS是很有希望的重合电磁波的多信源。

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